Forex
One of the most widely publicized and hotly debated forms of insurance
in America today, health insurance is the subject of intense political and
social debate. A rapidly evolving and extremely complex subject, health
insurance is also one of the most important benefits offered by many
employers.
Types of
Insurance
Medical Insurance typically covers and
specifies payment levels for doctor visits and treatment, medications,
hospital stays, emergency room visits, surgical treatment, and so forth.
There are wide variations in coverage plans, with numerous combinations of
covered and excluded items, different coverage levels, deductible amounts,
and other variables that make it impossible to offer a general statement
regarding all coverage plans. Many employers offer an open enrollment
period annually, during which employees may select from different coverage
plans. Careful selection of the appropriate plan for each individual is a
critical task.
Dental Insurance is sometimes included
in medical plans, but more often it is a separate policy. Virtually all
dental plans cover annual or semi-annual cleanings and check-ups, with many
plans increasing the covered percentage with regular appointment attendance
over time. Routine treatments such as cavity fillings, bridges, and the
like, are also typically covered, though the amount of coverage can vary.
Braces are sometimes covered for minor dependents, and more rarely for
adults. Cosmetic procedures are typically not covered.
Vision insurance is often offered as a separate plan to go along with
medical insurance. Vision plans typically cover an annual check-up, with
glasses or contacts covered to a pre-determined limit every year or two.
Necessary medical procedures to protect or correct eye health are usually
covered. At this time LASIK or other corrective procedures are rarely
covered.
Managed Care
One of the biggest trends in medical insurance over the past two decades in
the United States has been the rise of managed care as a primary delivery
model for medical care. Based on the concept of centralized decision
making, pooled resources, and efficient delivery of services, Health
Management Organizations, or HMOs, do offer economical coverage, often at
much lower premiums than privately managed insurance plans. Critics,
however, point to longer wait times for appointments, fewer physicians from
which to choose, and often the need for specialist referrals as weaknesses
of the HMO mode. Regardless of the advantages or disadvantages of HMOs, it
seems certain that this organizational model will continue to grow in
popularity.
Medicare and Medicaid
The United States government has, for many years, funded two particular
programs to help extend medical coverage to individuals who may not be able
to otherwise access the necessary health care. Medicare is designed to help
elderly Americans pay for their health care. More recently, the Medicare
Part D program was set up to help the elderly pay for prescription drugs.
Medicaid is intended to help impoverished Americans obtain health care;
however, with high administrative costs, low reimbursement rates, and an
often complicated set of restrictions and requirements, the number of
physicians who accept Medicaid has decreased steadily over the past several
years.
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